Spinning Technology
There are three major spinning processes:
1. cotton,
2. worsted or long-staple, or
3. wool.
The primary functions involved in Cotton Yarn manufacturing are (i.e. converting loose cotton fiber into a yarn)
Fiber opening and cleaning
Spinning mills got cotton fiber as a bale forms. Opening breaks down compressed layers of fiber into small tufts and facilitating to efficient cleaning by a opener. Then the bale-plucker takes a small layer of fibre from the top of all the bales on each pass which is transferred to the cleaning line.
Fiber straightening and paralleling
Carding aligns, parallels, cleans and condenses fiber into sliver or tow.
The carding machine is set with fine wires which separate the fibers and pull them into parallel form (a thin web of fiber). Then it passes through a funnel-shaped device that produces sliver.
Combing
Combing is an additional fiber paralleling method.
Formation of a continuous fibrous strand (Drawing out)
Draw Frame is the machine which combines many slivers and gives a single combined sliver. The output sliver will become more uniform due to this process of combining and stretching. Carded slivers are drawn twice after carding. Combed slivers are drawn once before combing and twice more after combing.
Most famous companies are Rieter, LMW and Truetzschler.
TwistingThe Fly frame machine will also have a drafting system which stretches the Draw frame sliver and makes it thin. Finally the material is wound on a package called Bobbin.
Spinning Spinning process is done by the machine called Ring frame which converts the bobbin into a yarn. The Ring frame stretches the material using a drafting system and then twist is imparted and converted into a yarn.
There are three main technologies available for inserting this twist for the purpose of creating a yarn structure. These are :
· Evenness of count
· Uniformity of twisting
· Hairiness
· Tensile strength
Advantages of Ring Spinning
Rotor Spinning is a recent method of yarn formation. This is a form of open-end spinning. Slivers fed by the drawframe which transform the yarn directly into packages, either cylindrical or conical.
Factors needs to consider during fiber selection for MVS yarns
§ Fiber Length
§ Short Fiber Content
§ Micronaire
§ Trash Content
§ Fiber Tenacity
Fiber length play a significant roles in yarn properties. MVS system makes more efficient use of fiber length and provides an improved yarn structure.
A higher short fiber content negatively affects yarn quality as well as yarn count range and yarn strength. Decreases or increases in fiber fineness can limit count range. Cotton trash (seed coat, neps ) can cause lapping and ends down and also block in the spindle which causes damage of spinning components. Fiber tenacity is directly related to the resultant yarn and fabric strength.
Advantages of Vortex Spinning
§ low maintenance cost due to fewer moving parts,
§ elimination of the roving frame stage, and
§ improved fully automatic piecing system
§ capable of spinning 100% carded cotton fibers at very high speeds (450m/min)
Properties of Vortex Yarn
§ low hairiness compared to normal ring yarns,
§ low pilling,
§ outstanding abrasion resistance,
§ resistance to spirality & deformation
§ moisture absorption,
§ color-fastness and fast drying characteristics
§ MVS yarn strength improved as yarn count became finer
Uses
Towel, Socks, Inner-wear, Sportswear
References:
1. cotton,
2. worsted or long-staple, or
3. wool.
The primary functions involved in Cotton Yarn manufacturing are (i.e. converting loose cotton fiber into a yarn)
- Fiber opening and cleaning (Blow Room)
- Fiber Blending
- Fiber straightening and paralleling
- Drawing out
- Twisting / Roving
Fiber opening and cleaning
Spinning mills got cotton fiber as a bale forms. Opening breaks down compressed layers of fiber into small tufts and facilitating to efficient cleaning by a opener. Then the bale-plucker takes a small layer of fibre from the top of all the bales on each pass which is transferred to the cleaning line.
Fiber straightening and paralleling
Carding aligns, parallels, cleans and condenses fiber into sliver or tow.
The carding machine is set with fine wires which separate the fibers and pull them into parallel form (a thin web of fiber). Then it passes through a funnel-shaped device that produces sliver.
Combing
Combing is an additional fiber paralleling method.
Formation of a continuous fibrous strand (Drawing out)
Draw Frame is the machine which combines many slivers and gives a single combined sliver. The output sliver will become more uniform due to this process of combining and stretching. Carded slivers are drawn twice after carding. Combed slivers are drawn once before combing and twice more after combing.
Most famous companies are Rieter, LMW and Truetzschler.
TwistingThe Fly frame machine will also have a drafting system which stretches the Draw frame sliver and makes it thin. Finally the material is wound on a package called Bobbin.
Spinning Spinning process is done by the machine called Ring frame which converts the bobbin into a yarn. The Ring frame stretches the material using a drafting system and then twist is imparted and converted into a yarn.
There are three main technologies available for inserting this twist for the purpose of creating a yarn structure. These are :
- Ring Spinning
- Open end (or rotor) Spinning
- Vortex Spinning –MVS Technology
- To draft the roving until the desired fineness is achieved
- To impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist
- To wind up twisted yarn
· Evenness of count
· Uniformity of twisting
· Hairiness
· Tensile strength
Advantages of Ring Spinning
- any material can be spun to any required count
- Twist and draft can be infinitely set
- the optimal spinning geometry guarantee excellent yarn quality
- low yarn breakage and high productivity
Rotor Spinning is a recent method of yarn formation. This is a form of open-end spinning. Slivers fed by the drawframe which transform the yarn directly into packages, either cylindrical or conical.
Factors needs to consider during fiber selection for MVS yarns
§ Fiber Length
§ Short Fiber Content
§ Micronaire
§ Trash Content
§ Fiber Tenacity
Fiber length play a significant roles in yarn properties. MVS system makes more efficient use of fiber length and provides an improved yarn structure.
A higher short fiber content negatively affects yarn quality as well as yarn count range and yarn strength. Decreases or increases in fiber fineness can limit count range. Cotton trash (seed coat, neps ) can cause lapping and ends down and also block in the spindle which causes damage of spinning components. Fiber tenacity is directly related to the resultant yarn and fabric strength.
Advantages of Vortex Spinning
§ low maintenance cost due to fewer moving parts,
§ elimination of the roving frame stage, and
§ improved fully automatic piecing system
§ capable of spinning 100% carded cotton fibers at very high speeds (450m/min)
Properties of Vortex Yarn
§ low hairiness compared to normal ring yarns,
§ low pilling,
§ outstanding abrasion resistance,
§ resistance to spirality & deformation
§ moisture absorption,
§ color-fastness and fast drying characteristics
§ MVS yarn strength improved as yarn count became finer
Uses
Towel, Socks, Inner-wear, Sportswear
References:
- Ben Hassen M., Renner M. ‘Experimental Study of High Drafting System in Cotton Spinning.’ Textile Research Journal vol. 73,2003, No 1, p. 55
- A RESEARCH ON SPINNING ANGORA RABBIT FIBER/COTTON BLENDED YARN AT SHORT STAPLE SPINNING SYSTEM [ Volume: 18 Issue: 1 / JANUARY - MARCH 2008 ] Dr. Pınar ÇELİK, Tuba BEDEZ ÜTE, Nida OĞLAKCIOĞLU, Prof. Dr. Hüseyin KADOĞLU, Prof. Dr. Arzu MARMARALI (Ege University Textile Engineering Department)
- Classifications & Analysis of Textiles: University of Minnesota.
- Textiles, by Sara Kadolph and Anna Langford. 8th Edition, 1998.
- Textile Fibers, Dyes, Finishes, and Processes. 1986
- Nasmith, Joseph (1895). Recent Cotton Mill Construction and Engineering (Elibron Classics ed.). London: John Heywood. ISBN 1-4021-4558-6.
- Marsden, Richard (1884). Cotton Spinning: its development, principles and practice.. George Bell and Sons 1903.
- Origin of Ends-Down in Ring Spinning By: Dr. Norbert Brunk
- AIR JET SPINNING OF COTTON YARNS – Cotton Incorporated , 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, North Carolina, 27513 • Telephone (919) 678-2220
- Relationship of Fiber Properties to Vortex Partial Least Squares--Calvin Price, Herman Senter, Jonn Foulk, Gary Gamble, William Meredit Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Clemson University, Clemson, SC; USDA-ARS Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit
- STUDIES ON RING ROTOR AND VORTEX YARN KNITTED FABRICS ---C.Rameshkumar, P.Anandkumar, P.Senthilnathan, R.Jeevitha
- Stuart Gordon, January-February, ‘The effect of short fibre and neps on Murata vortex spinning’, CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology Vol 23, No 1, p 28, 2002.
- VORTEX YARN by Iftikhar Ahmed – Pakistan Textile Journal
- Fasciated Yarns – A Revolutionary Development? By William Oxenham, North Carolina State University , Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, Vol-1 , Issue -2, Winter2001
- Jackowski T., Cyniak D., Czekalski J. ‘Compact Cotton Yarn’, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe. Vol.12, 2004, No.4, p.22.